Nine roads to the last 16
Nine of Europe's leading clubs, ranked by the average squad value of their league-phase opponents: Barcelona face the hardest road at €805.1M.
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Insights
Analysis on the record.
Reports and notes on players, clubs, markets and regulation.
Every piece is dated and states the framework version it uses.
Big-club value, small-club wages
Como's €600.6M squad sits next to Roma's €615.7M, on €50.3M less in players' gross salary: the lowest wage share of the 16 squads worth more than €600M.
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Who lent most of their squad?
Value of each club's called-up players in the October break: Bayern lead at €895.1M, 77.6% of the club's total value.
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The €802M generation that grew up with Messi
When Messi made his Argentina debut in 2005, 18 of his current teammates were under 10. Today they hold 95.3% of the squad's value.
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How much value stayed home this break
The best XI each nation left out in the October window: England's excluded XI is worth €587.4M, Brazil's reaches 91% of its called-up XI.
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The Americas: football capital per million people
The 26 most valuable players of each nation in the Americas, divided by population: Curaçao leads at €290.0M per million people.
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Football capital per million people
The 26 most valuable players of each European nation, combined and divided by population: Iceland leads at €493.5M per million people.
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One number: 76.2%
Liverpool sent 17 players on international duty, the most of any club in the September break, worth 76.2% of the squad's wage bill.
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Nations League by value
The most valuable XIs, the richest group and the biggest movers of the international break.
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Bought for millions, waiting for minutes
The ten summer signings costing €20M or more who have played least, excluding injuries: all under 23, led by Ayyoub Bouaddi's 22 minutes.
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Europa League stadiums
The grounds of 15 clubs in the league phase: seats, matchday revenue and revenue per seat.
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Out of the European cups
The ten most valuable squads playing no European football in 2026/27, worth €6.52B together.
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The talent map of the Champions League
Every nationality in the league phase, by players supplied and squad value.
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Big-match weekend
Five headline fixtures, squad against squad: €8.85B of value on the pitch.
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Bayern Munich X-Ray
Six slides on Europe's most financially solid club: six profitable seasons, €978.3M of FY2025 revenue and net debt at 0.07x revenue.
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The Bundesliga revenue pyramid
The eighteen clubs of the 2026/27 Bundesliga earned €4,914.2M in FY2025: Bayern alone takes 19.9%, and the top earns forty-two times the bottom.
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The ten richest clubs in the Champions League
Revenue of the clubs in the 2026/27 league phase: Real Madrid lead at €1,219M, 9.4% of the competition total.
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Serie A X-Ray
Twenty clubs, revenues, wages and what is left at the end of the year, going into the 2026/27 season. Seven slides on FY2025 accounts.
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Ligue 1 X-Ray
Eighteen clubs, revenues, wages and what is left at the end of the year, going into the 2026/27 season. Seven slides on FY2025 accounts.
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Premier League X-Ray
Twenty clubs with €7.6B of combined revenue: squads and accounts on the same page, going into the 2026/27 season.
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Five leagues, five recoveries
Total revenue of the big five from FY2020 to FY2025: the Premier League never closed below the previous year, Ligue 1 fell 16.4% in the last one.
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LaLiga X-Ray
Twenty clubs, squad and accounts on the same page, four days before the 2026/27 season kicked off. Seven slides on FY2025 accounts.
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Framework v1.0 · All reports and notes are published as dated PDF documents.
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